Brick by BRIC: How Global Sport has Declared War on Brazil's Poor
In Chile, it was called the The Brick. It was the
many-thousand page economic manifesto of Dictator Augusto Pinochet,
written by "the Chicago Boys"—Chilean exchange students from the
University of Chicago. Disciples of the university's conservative,
neoliberal economics professor Milton Friedman, they printed The Brick on
"the other 9/11"—September 11th, 1973.
As Chile's Presidential palace
was being bombed, "Companero Presidente" Salvador Allende was being
murdered, and General Pinochet was assuming power, The Brick became
Pinochet's economic compass. It guided the country through two decades
of slash and burn privatisation, displacement, and inequality—all in the
name of "development".
Today, Pinochet is reviled and gone but The Brick has become
a default manifesto for much of the globe. It's most ardent sponsors
ironically bear its name as an acronym: BRIC. They are Brazil, Russia,
India, and China. These ambitious nations have established themselves as
the future, not only of global economic growth, but as future centres
of international sport. They can offer two things that the decaying,
Western powers can no longer provide: massive deficit spending and a
state police infrastructure to displace, destroy, or disappear anyone
who dares stand in their way.
We are seeing this in particularly dramatic form in Brazil.
The
country will be hosting both the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Summer
Olympics. In the 21st century, these sporting events require more than
stadiums and hotels. The host country must provide a massive security
apparatus, a willingness to crush civil liberties, and the will to
create the kind of "infrastructure" these games demand. That means not
just stadiums, but sparkling new stadiums. That means not just security,
but the latest in anti-terrorist technology. That means not just new
transportation to and from venues, but hiding unsightly poverty from
those travelling to and from the games. That means a willingness to
spend billions of dollars in the name of creating a playground for
international tourism and multi-national sponsors.
Every day in the favelas, the slums that surround Brazil's major
cities, these international athletic festivals are vividly recalling the
ways of The Brick. Amnesty International, the United Nations,
and even the International Olympic Committee—fearful of the damage to
their "brand," are raising concerns. It's understandable why.
This week came a series of troubling tales of the bulldozing and
cleansing of the favelas, all in the name of "making Brazil ready for
the Games." Hundreds of families from Favela de Metro find themselves
living on rubble with nowhere to go after a pitiless housing demolition
by Brazilian authorities. By bulldozing homes before families had the
chance to find new housing or be "relocated", the government is in
flagrant violation of the most basic concepts of human rights.
As the Guardian reported, "Redbrick shacks have been cracked open by
earth-diggers. Streets are covered in a thick carpet of rubble, litter
and twisted metal. By night, crack addicts squat in abandoned shacks,
filling sitting rooms with empty bottles, filthy mattresses and crack
pipes improvised from plastic cups. The stench of human excrement hangs
in the air."
One favela resident, Eduardo Freitas said, "it looks like you are in
Iraq or Libya. I don't have any neighbours left. It's a ghost town".
Freitas doesn't need a masters from the University of Chicago to
understand what is happening. "The World Cup is on its way and they want
this area. I think it is inhumane," he said.
The Rio housing authority says that this is all in the name of
"development" and by refurbishing the area, they are offering the favela
dwellers, "dignity".
Maybe something was lost in the translation. Or perhaps a
bureaucrat's conception of "dignity" is becoming homeless so your
neighbourhood can became a parking lot for wealthy soccer fans. And
there is more "dignity" on the way. According to Julio Cesar Condaque,
an activist opposing the levelling of the favelas, "between now and the
2014 World Cup, 1.5 million families will be removed from their homes
across the whole of Brazil."
I spoke with Christopher Gaffney, Visiting Professor at Universidade
Federal Fluminense in Rio de Janeiro and Vice-President of the Associacao Nacional dos Torcedores [National Fans' Association].
"It's like a freefall into a neo-liberal paradise," he said."We are
living in cities planned by PR firms and brought into existence by an
authoritarian state in conjunction with their corporate partners. These
events are giant Trojan horses that leave us shocked and awed by their
ability to transform places and people while instilling parallel
governments that use public money to generate private profits. Similar
to a military invasion, the only way to successfully occupy the country
with a mega-event is to bombard people with information, get rid of the
undesirables, and launch a media campaign that turns alternative voices
into anti-patriotic naysayers who hate sport and 'progress'."
It's a remarkable journey. Pinochet is now a grotesque memory, universally disgraced in death. But The Brick
remains, a millstone around the neck of Latin America. Expect a series
of protests in Rio as the games approach. And expect them to be dealt
with in a way that speaks to the darkest political traditions of the
region.