Then just check out their hometowns. Remove a few obvious
large metropolitan areas, or parts thereof -- Boston, El Paso,
Jacksonville, Irving (home of the Dallas Cowboys), and Irvine
(California) -- and here's the parade of names you're left with:
Temecula (California),
Henderson (Texas), San Marcos (Texas),
Lawton (Michigan),
Cambridge (Illinois),
Casper (Wyoming),
Richwood (Texas),
Prairie Village (Kansas), Ewing (Kentucky), Wisconsin Rapids (Wisconsin),
Redmond (Washington),
Peoria (Arizona),
Brandenburg (Kentucky),
Sabine Pass (Texas), and
Cathedral City (California).
A couple of these like Peoria (pop. 138,000) and Casper (pop. 52,000)
are small cities. Others like Lawton (1,800) or Richwood (3,200) have
the populations of small rural towns. On the face of it, if you were to
intone this litany of the home places of the dead, it would minimally
qualify as a list of the forgotten places of America, the sorts of
hometowns you would only know if you had grown up there (or somewhere
in the vicinity).
Are Sabine Pass or Cambridge, Illinois (not Massachusetts), or
Wisconsin Rapids small towns in rural America? Probably, though any one
of them (like Temecula) could, in fact, be a suburb of some larger
urban area. Still you get the point. Go read the Pentagon death notices
yourself, if you doubt me on where the dead of this war seem to be
coming from.
As it happens, though, we don't have to rely on the anecdotal or the
look of the names of the places from which the American dead have come.
Demographer William O'Hare and journalist Bill Bishop, working with the
University of New Hampshire's
Carsey Institute,
which specializes in the overlooked rural areas of our country, have
actually crunched the numbers in an important study that has gotten too
little attention. Matching a data set from the Department of Defense
listing the dead and their hometowns against information from the White
House Office of Management and Budget on which counties in this country
are metropolitan, they found that the American dead of the Iraq and
Afghan Wars do indeed come disproportionately from rural America. Quite
startlingly so.
According to their study, the death rate "for
rural soldiers (24 per million adults aged 18 to 59) is 60% higher than
the death rate for those soldiers from cities and suburbs (15 deaths
per million)." Of rural areas, Vermont has the highest rate of
casualties, followed by Delaware, South Dakota, and Arizona. Only 8 of
our states have higher urban than rural death rates.
Demographer O'Hare, who himself grew up in the small Michigan town of Flushing, tells Tomdispatch:
"We know that soldiers from rural America are dying at higher rates
than those from urban America, strikingly higher, 60% higher. We know,
from other research, that the rural young join the military at higher
rates than those from metropolitan areas. The dearth of opportunity in
rural areas simply leaves more young people there with fewer
alternatives to the military.
"Dozens of case studies show that opportunities are moving away, part
of a long-term shift. The opportunity differential between rural and
urban America is probably higher now than at any time in the past. Our
study highlights the price some young folks and their families are
paying for lack of opportunity in rural America."
What does this mean? Just over 3,000 Americans have died in Iraq. If
the U.S. population is 300 million, then that's just 0.001% of it. Add
into this the fact that the American dead come disproportionately from
the most forgotten, least attended to parts of our country, from places
that often have lost their job bases; consider that many of them were
under or unemployed as well as undereducated, that they generally come
from struggling, low-income, low-skills areas. Given that we have an
all-volunteer military (so that not even the threat of a draft touches
other young Americans), you could certainly say that the President's
war in Iraq -- and its harm -- has been disproportionately felt. If you
live in a rural area, you are simply far more likely to know a casualty
of the war than in most major metropolitan areas of the country.
No wonder it's been easy for so many Americans to ignore such a
catastrophic war until relatively recently. This might, in a sense, be
considered part of a long-term White House strategy, finally faltering,
of essentially fighting two significant wars abroad while demobilizing
the population at home. When, for instance, soon after the 9/11 attacks
the President urged Americans to go to
Disney World or, in December 2006, to go
"shopping more" to help the economy, he meant it. We were to go on with our normal lives, untouched by his war.
In an interview this week, the
Newshour's Jim Lehrer
asked the President the following:
"If it is as important as you've just said -- and you've said it many
times -- as all of this is, particularly the struggle in Iraq, if it's
that important to all of us and to the future of our country, if not
the world, why have you not, as president of the United States, asked
more Americans and more American interests to sacrifice something? The
people who are now sacrificing are, you know, the volunteer military --
the Army and the U.S. Marines and their families. They're the only
people who are actually sacrificing anything at this point."
And here was the President's pathetic but indicative answer:
"Well, you know, I think a lot of people are in this fight. I mean,
they sacrifice peace of mind when they see the terrible images of
violence on TV every night. I mean, we've got a fantastic economy here
in the United States, but yet, when you think about the psychology of
the country, it is somewhat down because of this war."
In other words, our President wants -- has always wanted -- most of us to do nothing whatsoever.
To put all of this in some kind of crude context, let's consider the
Iraqi side of this horrific equation. Just recently, the United Nations
announced that in 2006, approximately 34,000 Iraqi civilians were
killed. As
Jon Weiner pointed out at the
Nation Magazine's
"The Notion" blog, this was clearly an undercount. Not all the December
2006 figures for the civilian dead were even in when it was toted up;
bodies that didn't make it to morgues or hospitals couldn't be counted;
embattled areas where officials might have underreported couldn't be
dealt with; and, of course, though we don't know how the UN separated
combatants from noncombatants, the report "almost certainly omitted
deaths of Iraqi policemen, soldiers, insurgent fighters, and members of
private militias like the Badr brigade."
Nonetheless, if the
Iraqi population is about 27 million, then even that one-year
undercount represents more than 0.1% of it. If, as such figures do
indicate, total Iraqi deaths since the invasion reached even the low
end of the recent
Lancet study's estimates
-- that is, several hundred thousand dead (and they could well be far
higher) -- then we are talking about a country that has already lost at
least 1% of its population as direct casualties of the President's
invasion and occupation. (Remove relatively peaceful Iraqi Kurdistan
from the equation and these numbers will, of course, look worse.)
To take another crude measure of such things, sociologists sometimes
claim that an average American knows approximately 200 people by their
first names. So think of those 3,000 dead Americans, significantly from
rural areas, as known on a first-name basis to 600,000 other people.
(If you include the war wounded, of course, these figures would go far
higher.) On the same exceedingly crude basis, those 34,000 dead Iraqi
civilians of 2006 alone would have been known by 6,800,000 other
Iraqis. If you add in the Iraqi wounded, those who have fled the
country, those who have become internal refugees in the roiling civil
war and ethnic cleansing of neighborhoods, there obviously can
essentially be no one in Iraq who has escaped intimate knowledge of the
ravages of the American invasion and occupation, and the insurgency and
civil war that have followed.
In other words, you have a war launched by a country whose people, in a
personal sense, can hardly know that it's going on and it's being
fought in a country that has been taken apart and ravaged more or less
down to the last citizen.
Or think of it this way: The forgotten rural American dead are the
Iraqis of the American War. I leave you to wonder about what the Iraqi
dead are.
Tom
Engelhardt, who runs the Nation Institute's Tomdispatch.com ("a regular
antidote to the mainstream media"), is the co-founder of the American Empire Project and, most recently, the author of Mission Unaccomplished: Tomdispatch Interviews with American Iconoclasts and Dissenters (Nation Books), the first collection of Tomdispatch interviews.
[
Note: The Carsey Institute
report by William O'Hare and Bill Bishop, "U.S. Rural Soldiers Account
for a Disproportionately High Share of Casualties in Iraq and
Afghanistan" can be read by clicking here (pdf file) or you can go to this page
at Rural Strategies.org, an interesting outfit that also focuses on the
problems of rural America, to find the report and more material on the
rural dead of the war, including a good piece on small towns and
casualties by Nick Stump that appeared on the Daily Kos site.]
Copyright 2007 Tom Engelhardt